Passive Voice: Present Perfect

1. Overview: The passive voice in the present perfect tense is used to show that an action has been done to the subject, rather than the subject doing the action. It emphasizes the result of the action rather than who performed it. It is often used in situations where the doer is unknown or unimportant. 2. Cases of Usage: Case 1: When the focus is on the action and its result rather than the doer. Example: The book has been read by many people. Case 2: When the doer of the action is unknown or not important. Example: A new road has been built in the city. Case 3: When reporting an event or action in a formal context. Example: The project has been completed ahead of schedule. 3. Exceptions or Things to Pay Attention To: Sometimes the passive voice can be used in a more informal context, but it is generally more common in formal writing or speech. Additionally, not all verbs can be used in the passive voice. For example, intransitive verbs (verbs that do not take a direct object) cannot be made passive. Example: "He has slept." cannot be changed to passive because "sleep" does not have a direct object. 4. Additional Notes: Common mistakes include forgetting to use the past participle of the main verb. Remember that the structure for the present perfect passive voice is: "has/have been + past participle." For example: "The homework has been done."